Falls and falls prevention > Facts about risk factors for falls

Facts about risk factors for falls

Both personal and environmental factors can increase an older adult's risk of falling. (12),(13),(14) More often than not, personal factors and hazards in the environment interact with each other, making the risk of a fall even greater. The following list highlights a few risk factors.

Personal risk factors

• Health: As we age, our bodies change. Many older adults experience eyesight and balance problems, loss of muscle and bone strength, chronic illnesses, and increased use of certain medications. Any and all of these may increase an older adult's risk of falling.
• Behaviours and lifestyles: Certain behaviours and lifestyle choices can contribute to an older adult's risk of falling. Rushing, not paying attention or taking unnecessary risks are examples of behavioural risk factors. Being physically inactive, having a diet that is not well-balanced and improper footwear are a few lifestyle risks for falling.

Environmental risk factors

• Indoor hazards: Conditions inside the home and in buildings in the community can increase an older adult's risk of falling. Potential hazards include bathtubs without grab bars or non-slip surfaces; scatter mats that are not well secured to the floor; electrical or telephone cords in walking areas; and stairs with poor lighting, no handrails, or uneven steps.
• Outdoor hazards: Many hazards outside can increase the risk of falling. These include poor lighting, broken sidewalks, badly designed or poorly marked stairs, and poor snow or ice removal.